reflection on separation process ii
Chapter 1 : Crystallization
To be honest, I didn’t prepare much because I confused about the activity was and I was blurred this new type of learning. And I suggest we need some briefing on the upcoming activities. However, today activity is awesome because it makes everyone actives in class in order to give explanation to other home group members.
Chapter 2 : Adsorption
In adsorption, I have learn about how the adsorption takes place, the specific names of solute and solid used in this process, and do some calculation on scale up section. The topic I like the most is scale up design method while the least understand is at part of theory of fixed bed adsorption.
Chapter 3 : Ion Exchange
In this topic, we have learnt about separation process by using ion exchange. Ion exchange is basically quite similar to adsorption however ion exchange is separation process by replacing something in the solution by other ions yet adsorption adsorbate only stick on the adsorbent. Then, we have learnt its applications in industries such as water softening, water treatment, recovery of vitamins from fermentation and others, types of resin, equilibrium relations, resin regeneration process and selectivity/ affinity.in conclusion, from this topic, we were exposed about another type of separation process which is ion exchange that is applicable in industries and know how to measure its equilibrium states, its process and resin regeneration process.
Chapter 4 : Membrane Separation
In this topic, we have learnt about membrane which is a thin layer of semipermeable material and partially separate two miscible phases. This process consist of a feed, permeate- the one that can pass through the membrane, membrane and retentate- the remaining solution that did not pass through the membrane. However, membrane separation can not achieve sharp separation because it is a semipermeable layer. Besides, we learnt about the criteria for permeance assessment- permeability and selectivity- always opposed each other, driving forces which are pressure difference, concentration, temperature difference and electrical potential, types of membrane, and its transport mechanism.
Throughout this topic, we were exposed the application of this method in industry by combining it with another separation process method to get an economical cost for this process- stated in one of the article given. Next, in class, we did some derivation on equations used for complete mixing model to calculate the mole fraction of permeate or retentate. In conclusion, membrane separation process is very useful in our industry and we should really understand the concept of it.
Chapter 5 : Evaporation
On week 9, we have learnt evaporation process which is one of the common separation process applied in industries. Evaporation is the process of water removal to produce more concentrated solutions by increasing the temperature of circulating air movement. Then, properties that affecting the process which are concentration in liquid, solubility, temperature sensitivity of materials, foaming or frothing, pressure and temperature, and scale decompositions.
Next, there are two types of operation method which is forward feed and backward feed. Forward feed usually used for hot feed to save some energy while backward feed is suitable for cold feed and highly viscosity product. We also did some material balances which cover overall balance, component balance, and energy balance. Moreover, we also needed to consider processing variables which can effect on the evaporation process.
The variables are feed temperature- some energy from steam are used to heat the feed other than fully used for evaporation, pressure-reduce pressure can lowering the boiling temperature of fluid, steam pressure-high steam pressure give bigger temperature difference of solution and the steam however, it might be costly-increasing of pressure. We also need to consider the concentration of solution as if it not dilute, there are one point where solution’s boiling point rising. In class, we did some problems-tutorial questions and shared it in schoology. That’s all, thank you.
Chapter 6 : Drying
By definition, drying is the removal of small amount of liquid from any solid materials and occurs in any temperature. The water removal is by air or mechanically using centrifuging processing. First of all, we need to know the vapour pressure of water – the phase diagram of water and humidity of air which is the amount of vapour contained in 1 kg of dry air. We can measure the air humidity using humidity chart. From the chart also, we can obtained the dew points, dry bulb, wet bulb, humidity heat, humid volume and also there is adiabatic saturation temperature line. So, we learnt how to use the chart correctly. That’s all. Thank you.